Which statement best defines an ecosystem?

An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment. This definition captures the essence of ecosystems, which includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. The interactions within an ecosystem can include various processes such as predation, competition, symbiosis, and nutrient cycling.

Living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, interact with each other and their surroundings, which may consist of soil, water, light, and climate. These interactions help to maintain balance within the ecosystem, influencing its structure and function. For instance, the relationship between producers (like plants) and consumers (like herbivores and carnivores) illustrates how energy and nutrients flow through an ecosystem.

The other statements do not adequately reflect the comprehensive nature of an ecosystem. One refers only to non-living entities, which neglects the critical role that living organisms play. Another suggests a human-centric view focused on social relationships, leaving out the intricate connections within natural environments. The final option merely describes geographical locations without addressing the interactions and relationships essential to ecosystems. Thus, the definition that encompasses both living organisms and their environment is essential for understanding ecosystems in geography.