Which of the following processes contributes to soil conservation?

Tree planting plays a significant role in soil conservation for several reasons. First and foremost, trees help to anchor the soil with their root systems, reducing the risk of erosion caused by water runoff and wind. This anchoring helps maintain soil structure and minimizes the loss of topsoil, which is vital for agriculture and natural ecosystems.

In addition to preventing erosion, trees improve soil quality by contributing organic matter through leaf litter and fallen branches. This organic material enhances soil fertility as it decomposes, offering essential nutrients for plant growth. Furthermore, the shade provided by trees helps to regulate soil temperature and moisture levels, creating a more stable environment for microbial activity, which is essential for nutrient cycling in the soil.

Additionally, tree planting can help with water retention in the soil by allowing more precipitation to infiltrate rather than runoff. This not only aids in maintaining soil moisture but also supports the surrounding vegetation, promoting a healthier ecosystem overall.

In contrast, practices like deforestation, increased logging, and urban expansion typically disrupt soil conservation by leading to soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, and changes in hydrology, which can exacerbate degradation of the landscape. Therefore, tree planting is a proactive measure that supports the sustainability of soil resources and helps combat the negative effects associated with those