Which of the following best describes climate variability?

Climate variability refers to the variations in climate that occur over time, which can lead to notable changes in conditions such as temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns. This concept encompasses fluctuations that are often influenced by natural phenomena, such as El Niño and La Niña events, volcanic eruptions, or changes in ocean currents. These fluctuations can significantly impact ecosystems, altering habitats and affecting species survival, growth rates, and overall biodiversity.

While stable temperatures year-round, consistent weather patterns, and constant agricultural yields may occur in certain settings, they do not capture the essence of climate variability. Climate variability is characterized by its fluctuations and the resultant effects on both the environment and human activities, making the correct choice the one that highlights these fluctuations and their potential impacts on ecosystems.