What is the primary purpose of cartography in geography?

The primary purpose of cartography in geography is to represent geographical data through maps. Cartography involves the design, production, and interpretation of maps, which serve as visual tools for understanding spatial relationships and the characteristics of different areas. Maps created through cartographic techniques help convey information about various geographical features such as landscapes, political boundaries, transportation networks, and demographic data. By translating complex data into visual formats, cartography allows for easier analysis and communication of geographical information, making it essential in fields like urban planning, environmental studies, and navigation.

The other choices focus on specific aspects of geography but do not capture the overarching role of cartography. Analyzing economic data, teaching about weather patterns, and studying biological diversity are all important aspects of geography but rely on the effective representation of data, which is where cartography plays its crucial role.