What is percolation?

Percolation refers to the downward movement of water through rock or soil layers. This process involves the filtering of water as it moves down through soil, sediments, and porous rock, allowing it to reach the water table or aquifers. It is a crucial aspect of the hydrological cycle, contributing to groundwater recharge and ensuring that water is filtered and purified as it passes through different layers of material. This movement is driven by gravity and is influenced by soil composition, moisture content, and other environmental factors. Understanding percolation is vital for managing water resources, agriculture, and soil health, as it affects water availability and quality in ecosystems.