What does the process of oxidation primarily involve?

The process of oxidation primarily involves a chemical reaction with oxygen and, in some cases, water. This reaction typically occurs when minerals containing iron, for example, react with oxygen in the presence of moisture, leading to the formation of iron oxides, commonly known as rust. This process is significant in geomorphology and soil development because it alters the chemical structure of minerals, affecting the soil's fertility and the landscape's appearance.

In contrast, other processes listed do not center on the chemical reaction with oxygen. Applying heat and pressure to rocks relates to metamorphism rather than oxidation. Physical wear and tear of minerals describes mechanical weathering, which does not involve chemical changes. The formation of sediment layers pertains to sedimentation processes rather than the specific chemical reactions characteristic of oxidation. Overall, oxidation is integral to understanding both geological processes and soil chemistry, emphasizing its importance in geography.