What climatic feature primarily contributes to the formation of turloughs?

Turloughs are unique wetland features typically found in limestone landscapes, particularly in Ireland. They are characterized by their seasonal flooding and drying cycles, which are primarily influenced by seasonal rainfall. During periods of heavy rainfall, water accumulates in depressions within the limestone bedrock, leading to the formation of temporary lakes or ponds. As the seasons change and rainfall decreases, these turloughs can dry up, revealing the underlying landscape.

The role of seasonal rainfall is crucial because it directly influences the water levels in these areas, causing them to fluctuate significantly throughout the year. This cyclical process is what defines a turlough, making it a dynamic and essential part of the local ecosystem. Other climatic factors, such as high temperatures or persistent dry conditions, would not create the necessary wet conditions for the formation of turloughs, nor would permafrost, which is typically found in much colder climates and does not contribute to this specific phenomenon.