What are two major challenges facing the EU today?

The selection of tariffs and migration as two major challenges faced by the EU today is well-founded. Tariffs have implications for trade relations, particularly in the context of the EU's single market where free movement of goods is a foundational principle. Any increase in tariffs can threaten the cohesiveness of this market and create friction amongst member states and with external partners.

Migration presents another critical challenge, notably through the ongoing discussions around how to effectively manage the influx of migrants and refugees due to conflicts, economic disparities, and climate-related issues. The EU has faced significant political strains as different member states have varied responses to migration, impacting social cohesion and policy-making at the EU level.

While inflation and unemployment, environmental degradation and economic growth, as well as technological advancement and globalization are important issues, they either do not capture the same level of immediate urgency or are more multifaceted problems. Tariffs and migration directly influence political stability and economic conditions within the EU, making them prominent challenges in current discussions among EU leaders and policymakers.