What are the four main types of regions discussed in geography?

The four main types of regions in geography, which encompass the formal, functional, perceptual, and vernacular categories, are essential for understanding how areas are defined and categorised based on various characteristics.

Formal regions are defined by clear, distinct boundaries and have specific attributes, such as language, climate, or political jurisdiction. An example of a formal region is a country or state, where the borders are well established and the region has a common factor, like governance or physical terrain.

Functional regions, on the other hand, are defined by a specific function or activity that takes place within them. These regions typically center around a hub or focal point and diminish in importance as one moves away from the center. For instance, a metropolitan area for a city where the surrounding areas functionally relate to it through commuting patterns or economic activities is a functional region.

Perceptual regions are subjective and based on personal or cultural perceptions and feelings about a particular area. These regions can change from person to person and are influenced by individual experiences or cultural identity. An example may be "the South" in the United States, which may evoke different images or associations for different people.

Vernacular regions also rely on the people's sense of place, as they are informal and based